在拥挤的灌木丛中保护

插图显示了曼谷的曼谷,被称为妈妈的怜悯,被非洲野生动物和植被包围。

M.ercy Ngaruiya, or Mama Mercy, as she’s known, lives in a village in southern Kenya in a cluster of low houses surrounded by lush greenery. She wears a loose pink dress and a coif of bouncy curls as she hospitably offers tea. A glossy black cat drapes herself across the table and rests against the serving tray.

妈妈·梅西在这个农村地区住了二十年。在早期,她记得人们卖掉从羚羊和其他动物从周围的灌木丛中雕刻的肉类。偷猎者通过强大的手电筒致盲,并用强大的手电筒致盲并用大砍刀砍下来捕捉晚上。他们不是不缺的罪犯。偷猎者是来自社区的男人,他们用十几辆叫做Dik-Diks的羚羊甩了摩托车,并以1.50美元的价格将它们卖给了他们的村民。一位前偷猎者告诉我,他只保留了Dik-Dik的头和肠子,为他的家人吃饭;他卖掉了剩下的。在工作的地区几乎没有任何工作,除了工作的小农场以消除生活 - 如果有人足够富裕地拥有土地。

“我们有这么多的问题,”妈妈的慈善召回。“大多数人没有受过教育。他们说,'我们要钱是什么?“

People also made charcoal, a ubiquitous cooking fuel across Africa. Most of it is made illegally by cutting down trees and slow-roasting wood in dirt pits to create carbonized hunks. As the forest was cut down for charcoal and wood for cooking, the land grew more arid. Wildlife habitat—tracts of scrubby bush and acacia trees with parasol-like branches—shrank. Water was so coveted that local cattle herders lit fires at water holes to keep animals from drinking.

There was another option for making money. A nearby dusty two-lane road is, improbably, the main highway between Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, and Mombasa, the port for all of East Africa. During the day, scattered vehicles chug along and disappear into the vast horizon.

晚上,道路变成了改变。它成为一个拥挤的通道,带有咆哮,呻吟的卡车咆哮。有时,他们拉着靠近木制的棚子,即路边餐厅和酒吧。在昏暗的停车场,短裙的女性和紧密的上衣滑入和遮挡遮挡车辆。卡车隆隆于肯尼亚和邻国的货物。并且在这个瞬态专业中,司机通常携带性传播疾病。这条卡车途径是艾滋病毒和艾滋病的热点。肯尼亚约有160万人艾滋病毒艾滋病毒,使其成为六个非洲国家发病率最高的国家之一。

“卡车司机随时随地与女性交朋友,”妈妈·梅卡很简单地说。艾滋病在这里收费了。“人们病得很厉害,”她记得。“每周都有葬礼。”

一天晚上,一名肯尼亚男子陪我到高速公路。他志愿者假装他是一个顾客,并接近一个令人沮丧的漂亮的年轻女子站在路边。他们的剪影在通过卡车的前灯照亮。几分钟后,他回来了。他报道,这位女士会与他有300个先令,约3美元发生性关系。他把她禁止到200先令,或2美元。10美元,她会在没有避孕套的情况下发生性行为。

Nature and humanity coexist, confoundingly at times, cheek by jowl in Kenya. Its major highway bisects Tsavo National Park, the country’s largest national park, which is equivalent to the size of Wales. Some 150,000 people, including Mama Mercy, live here in the Kasigau Corridor—more than 500,000 acres of unprotected land wedged between the two halves of the national park. People live among migrating zebra, giraffe, and antelopes, as well as lions, elephants, and buffalo that occasionally crush locals on foot.

我去了肯尼亚南部学习和写下偷猎和野生动物和环境保护,但发现自己与人们谈论生活和努力在不稳定的条件下存活。

去年,我出乎意料地居住在灌木丛中的五个星期,以写下一个名为野生动物工作的保护小组。它找到了一种通过解决其根本原因来解决生存的偷猎和砍伐森林的方法:贫困。该集团设立了一个国际制度,通过碳信用额赚钱,并说服当地人不要削减树木。作为回报,村委会获得了保存森林,然后修理了学校,向儿童获得奖学金,建造了水管和储罐。保护群雇用了数百本地人在小型服装厂房,温室,旅游小屋和机械店工作,以及野生动物游侠等人,他可以遏制偷猎和木炭制作。野生动物工程还培养妇女种植树幼苗,它在森林里购买和植物。

Because of those efforts, Mama Mercy and other locals say the area has changed. The forest has flourished. Poaching has drastically declined, and wildlife has returned.

一天早上,当我在小道上运行,一个large antelope called a kudu leapt across the path in front of me. At another point, on a patrol with rangers a few miles drive into the bush, we saw buffalo, impala, giraffes, elephants, and even lions. Two decades ago there were no lions here, but now there are several dozen, including two males lounging by a water hole as though poolside in the Hamptons. Once, when driving down the long dirt road to Wildlife Works’ office, I saw a herd of elephants standing nearby, languid in the afternoon sun, with their ears gently flapping.

晚上在高速公路上,很多女性仍在等待卡车司机。但妈妈的梅迪说,他们中的大多数来自附近的城镇;当当地女性开始在由野生动物工作经营的服装工作时间工作时,他们在此处迁移以填补差距。我记得,这位年轻女子在没有避孕套的情况下愿意发生性行为10美元不是来自这个城镇,而是一个邻近的。

随着更多当地人与野生动物工作有稳定的工作,他们可以更好地支持他们的家人。非政府组织雇佣了约300人。这可能看起来不是很多,但现在是县第三大雇主。

我去了肯尼亚南部学习和写下偷猎和野生动物和环境保护,但发现自己与人们谈论生活和努力在不稳定的条件下存活。我玩了用瓶盖制成的篮子,其中武士们曾经偷猎并在野生动物工作雇用之前制作木炭。一个孤儿的一个年轻人坦率地说,如果不是野生动物工作的奖学金,他将成为一个“街头孩子”。他超过了他的梦想,并在环境科学中获得了大学学位,今天有助于测量森林。

M.ama Mercy recalls the pitiful sight not long ago of women so poor that they carried precious drinking water in empty Blue Band margarine containers. During the AIDS epidemic here, she started a women’s group to raise awareness about the disease and support those suffering. At first, it was challenging to talk to people about the taboo subject of AIDS.

现在,随着国际援助群体的意识和抗逆转录病毒治疗,葬礼不再是每周发生的。当地人在幸存上是一种可怕的祸害。甚至有艾滋病毒的人可以说:“我活着积极。我很高兴,“妈妈怜悯说明。

但这里的生活仍然很困难。我与当地人交谈,该当地人在农场被大象蹂躏。一名妇女站在她的玉米领域,被一群13,000英镑的皮球队蓬勃发展,吞噬了她的作物。她的一年的收入消失了。在晚上醒来,另一个女人的孩子是不眠之滑,以帮助通过敲打锅吓跑掠夺大象。

该地区的人与野生动物之间的冲突正在恶化。沿着高速公路沿着高速公路的新升高的铁路意味着大象不能迁移到国家公园的另一边寻找食物和水。基础设施发展在这个不断增长的国家至关重要,但有些方法可以减轻其环境影响 - 例如,铁路下面的地下通道和更好的计划考虑野生动物迁移。

当野生动物和人类共存时,紧张局势是不可避免的。但一个好标志是,森林蓬勃发展 - 当不久前时,没有小小的壮举,其动物和人类居民的未来似乎黯淡。“我们的社区发生了变化。我们的社区是绿色的,不像以前一样,“妈妈怜悯说。“我呼吸新鲜空气。”

Amy Yee ’96 is a journalist who writes for the纽约时报,Economist那NPR, theWashington Post国家地理, 和别的。她是前者的记者金融时报位于纽约和印度,以及出版的诗人。在@amyyeewrites上关注她的推特。

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